Tank vs. Tank less hot water heating

Through the many houses and places I've lived in over the years, I've experienced quite a few different hot water systems. Everything from a kettle when I was a fisherman (that was rough), to the solar shower bag and wood stove when I was in the outback and the more traditional types - electric tank, gas tank and tankless water heaters. I haven't had the pleasure of owning a solar hot water service as yet, but I regularly drool over my neighbor's!

If your hot water service is on its last legs and solar is out of your reach too; consider a tankless water heater.

Traditional tank systems have a couple of major drawbacks - firstly, they tend to wear out in under a decade; so millions of these things wind up in landfill annually. Another biggie environmentally speaking, not to mention ongoing costs - is energy consumption. Heating water accounts for over 20% of residential energy use in the USA and up to 40% of energy used in Australian homes.

All that energy has to come from somewhere and usually it's from fossil fuels (gas) or coal-fired electricity generation. For each kilowatt of electricity produced from coal, around 1.5 pounds of carbon emissions emissions are created. Then there's mercury, nitrous oxide and sulfur and all sorts of other toxic goodies thrown in as well.

The energy hog aspect of tank based hot water systems is due to the fact that much of the time they are cycling on and off to maintain water temperature. While you can reduce/retard the amount of heat escaping using a water heater blanket; you (and the environment) is basically paying for heating water that you aren't using at that moment - this is called standby heat loss.

Additionally, each time you use the hot water, cold water is flowing into the tank which lowers the temperature of water that had been heated; therefore even more energy is then required for reheating.

The tankless water heater

Tankless water systems work very differently by heating water on demand. A tankless hot water service applies heat directly to the pipe after being automatically activated when a hot water valve is opened. Once engaged, the heater delivers a constant supply of hot water. Tankless water heaters are continuing to gain popularity and now account for over 50% of all the new domestic systems installed in Britain.

Tankless hot water savings

While the initial outlay for a tankless water heater can be double the cost of a standard tank water heater - sometimes more; it should pay for itself in just a few years or less. The hardware should also last twice as long as a tank system. The average family can expect to save between 30 and 50% on water heating related energy bills each year. Both these points make it not only good for your wallet to switch to a tankless system, but good for the environment too.

Disadvantages of tankless

Aside from the initial cost, there are a few other common disadvantages of a tankless system.

a) Tankless systems are somewhat limited in the quantity of hot water that can be produced simultaneously. I don't remember this being an issue with the gas tankless system that we had in our last house (family of four).

b) I've read reports that hot water can take longer to reach faucets that are some distance away from the unit. Again, this is something I didn't experience with our system.

Something very important to check into if you're replacing an existing system is if your plumbing, gas/electricity systems are compatible with a tankless setup. While there are energy savings in using a tankless, they do use a lot of energy in a short space of time in order to produce "instant" hot water. This may mean some (expensive) modifications are required to your hourse - so it's best to get professional advice from a plumber first before purchasing.

Unless your current water heater is a voracious energy hog; given that a tankless system isn't cheap; consider keeping it until the end of its service life. There's plenty of other things you can do around your home to minimize environmental impact in the meantime.

Something else I noticed when researching this article is that within the water heating industry, there's definite sides - those in the industry who love tankless and those who seem to absolutely hate it. Reading some of the debates was a bit like reading arguments between car lovers over different manufacturers. My advice is that if you are considering replacing your hot water service with a tankless system - make the plumber you consult is not prejudiced either way so you'll get a balanced professional view of what's best in your circumstances.

Michael Bloch
Green Living Tips.com
Green Living Tips is an online resource powered by renewable energy offering a wide variety of earth friendly tips, green guides, advice and environment related news to help consumers and business reduce costs, consumption and environmental impact .

Energy Efficiency - tips for saving electricity

While solar power and wind energy offer us a greener future when it comes to power generation, the cleanest watt is the one that doesn't have to be generated.

Energy efficiency is the low hanging fruit of greenhouse gas reduction. By taking a little care with how we use electricity, we not only lighten the load on the environment, but save cash too.

Electricity saving example: computers

I'm writing this by the light of a 1 watt LED lamp and on my laptop with power saving features switched on - using 50 watts per hour maximum. Back some years ago, I would have been basking under the light of a powerful incandescent globe and using a desktop computer with a 17" CRT screen - around 300 watts all told.

So what do those savings come to in terms of carbon emissions?

The following are some rough calculations based on coal fired power generation for just the computer aspect (although I'm mostly solar powered now, so the reduction is greater):

Laptop = 50w x 10 hours a day x 365 days = 182.5 kilowatts
Desktop = 300s x 10 hours a day x 365 = 1095 kilowatts

A huge difference as you can see and in terms of carbon emissions, the savings by using a laptop are around 1360 pounds annually for me - well over half a ton.

In the case of coal fired electricity, each kilowatt you save not only puts cash back into your pockets, but also avoids 1.5 pounds of carbon dioxide emissions being generated; not to mention all the other environmentally nasty stuff associated with power generation.

So there's the first tip. If you use a desktop computer, when it does come time to buy another computer; consider a notebook instead. If you're not ready to acquire another computer, there's other tips below you can use with your current system.

The following are some more tips on how you can save electricity in the home and in the office.

Get expert advice - free.

Many governments now offer household energy efficiency programs that are free to participate in. These programs may consist of free kits containing information and energy saving devices or may involve a qualified assessor visiting your home who will offer you advice specific to your situation. Contact your local government or electricity authority to determine what's on offer.

Laundry

Tumble dryers are massive energy suckers, but if you need to use them, ensure the lint filter is clean and the room where the clothes dryer is has plenty of air circulation. This will allow your clothes to dry faster and save electricity; as will ensuring that they've gone through a fast spin in your washing machine. Of course, line dry wherever possible.

In regards to washing machines, the biggest energy savings can be made in relation to water temperature. Given today's detergents, hot water doesn't really need to be used for the average load; cold water will work just fine. Also experiment with your machine to see how short a cycle you can use and still achieve effective results.

Kitchen

If you have an electric stove, always select the right pan for the job and for the hot plate size.

When needing to boil water for cooking, it's likely more efficient to boil it in your kettle or microwave instead of on an oven hot plate.

Many kitchens have both a microwave and a stove, so wherever possible use your microwave for cooking items as they can use a third to half the electricity of a stove.

Ensure your oven light is working and the inspection glass is clean - significant heat will be lost if you have to open the door to check on your food.

When cooking on a stove or a range top; you can switch it off just before your food is done. There will be enough heat to finish the cooking.

When boiling the kettle for a cup of coffee or tea, only have as much water as you need in the kettle. This not only saves energy, but will get your morning fix to you much quicker :).

Check your fridge to ensure the seal is in good condition, even small gaps can affect performance dramatically. Your fridge should also be situated out of direct sunlight and placed in such away to allow for good air circulation; particularly at the back. If yours is an old fridge, the coils at the back should be regularly dusted.

Regularly defrosting your fridge and freezer will also help to conserve electricity. Also change the settings on your fridge and freezer to take into account the season - it can usually be switched to a higher (warmer) setting during winter.

Unplug kitchen appliances when not in use as many of these will consume standby power.

Heating and air conditioning

By sealing up gaps around your home, using earth friendly insulation and blackout curtains, you can dramatically decrease the amount of electricity you use in heating and cooling your home. The use of ceiling fans and roof turbines can also provide benefits in both winter and summer.

Whether you're heating or cooling your home, keep the doors shut to rooms that don't require it.

During winter, try wearing a little more clothing as it may allow you to drop the thermostat a little. Similarly, wearing less clothing over summer will allow you to perhaps raise the thermostat so your air conditioner doesn't have to work so hard. A degree or two either way can make a huge difference over a season.

Also ensure your heater and air conditioning system is regularly serviced as required - this will help keep it performing at its maximum efficiency.

Hot water

Heating water is one of the most energy intensive applications of electricity in the home.

If you have an electric water heater, consider adding a heater blanket to help insulate it further - these are quite cheap and can pay for themselves very quickly. Additionally, check the lagging around exposed pipes and replace if necessary.

Get your family to co-operate also by taking shorter showers. Gauging how long you've been in the shower for can be quite difficult as space and time become warped in a shower I've found - I tend to zone out :). You can buy waterproof hourglass and digital shower timers as a visual (and sometimes audible) reminder.

If your water heater is on its last legs, consider a switch to a gas heater, or even better, a solar hot water system or heat pump. The new generation of solar heaters are extremely efficient, work well in winter and usually have a gas or electric heating backup in case of extended unfavorable weather. Additionally, renewable energy rebates may make these systems comparable in price to traditional systems.

Lighting

The obvious - only leave lights switched on when you need them.

Incandescent globes are miniature heaters - most of the energy used by a traditional light bulb is converted to heat rather than light. CFL (Compact Fluorescent Lamps) use far less electricity and LED lamps even less. While more expensive than traditional light globes, they also last far longer.

Dimmer switches can also help you save electricity in the home, but if you're using CFL or LED lamps, make sure they are compatible with dimming features.

Also consider task-based lighting. For example, when working on the computer at night, I don't need to have the whole room bathed in light, just my computer desk area; so I use an LED lamp that draws only a watt.

If you use lighting outdoors consider solar powered garden lamps. These usually require no wiring as they have internal rechargeable batteries and will switch on automatically at dusk and switch off at dawn. For security lighting, use sensor lights that will only switch on when someone approaches.

A responsible approach to exterior lighting not only saves electricity but also reduces light pollution.

Computers

As mentioned, switching from a desktop machine to a notebook is a great way to save electricity. However, even with a desktop system there's a lot you can do to green your computer use.

When you're not using your computer for extended periods, switch your computer off at the wall to avoid phantom power load consumption.

Ensure your power saving/management options are enabled and properly configured. In Windows, this can be found in Settings/Control Panel/Power Options

While using your computer, only have your screen as bright as you need it - unneccesarily bright screens will use additional electricity.

For a screen saver, use a blank (black) screen as animated screen savers are energy suckers.

Replacing appliances

Thankfully, appliance manufacturers are realizing that the age of cheap energy is over and are increasingly making products that are more energy efficient.

For example, new refrigerators are far more energy efficient that the ones of 20 years ago. Today's air conditioners can use up to 50% less electricity than those of 20 years ago. Front loading washing machines have dropped a great deal in price recently and are also more energy efficient that top loaders.

However, when buying new appliances, do check their energy ratings as they can still vary widely.

If particularly environmentally conscious, you should also weigh up if getting rid of an old appliance that's functioning perfectly for the sake of saving electricity is worth it in comparison to the resources used in making a new appliance. At the very least, don't dump the old appliance, repurpose it (refrigerators make for great storage spaces!) or give it away to someone who may be able to use it.

Mantra - save a kilowatt, save a pound.

As mentioned, in the case of coal fired electricity generation, a kilowatt saved is over one pound of carbon emissions not generated; so each kilowatt does count when it comes to lessening our environmental impact, particularly when millions of people are making an effort.

Here's an easy way to remember it - save a kilowatt, save a pound!

The above tips just scratch the surface of all the simple things you can do to save energy. Do you have any electricity saving tips to share? Please add them below.

Michael Bloch
Green Living Tips.com
Green Living Tips is an online resource powered by renewable energy offering a wide variety of earth friendly tips, green guides, advice and environment related news to help consumers and business reduce costs, consumption and environmental impact .